Response of three Wheat Cultivars Triticum aestivum L. to Chemical and Bio-Fertilization and Nano-NPK on yield traits and its Components

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Department of Field Crops - College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University during the agricultural season 2022-2023 to investigate the response of three bread wheat cultivars to chemical and biofertilization as well as nano-NPK and its impact  on yield traits and its constituent parts by arranging split-piots in Sectoral. Three replicates of the Randomized Complete Block Design( RCBD). The main plots of wheat were planted with three different varieties, while the sub plots were fertilized with various combinations.  The results showed that the cultivars differed among themselves in most of the studied traits, where the Baghdad cultivar excelled by giving it the highest mean for the number of spikes, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index, which amounted to 339.1 m^-2, 41.42 g, 4.60 ton.ha^-1, and 13.55 ton.ha^-1and 33.69% respectively, while the cultivar IPA 99 gave the highest average number of grains per spike with 55.61 grains.spike^-1. The results also demonstrated a significant distinction between the fertilizer combinations, with the highest averages for the studied traits being produced by the fertilizer combination of 50% compound fertilizer + 50% biofertilizer + 50% nano fertilizer, which also produced the highest average number of spikes (428.4 m²), highest average weight of 1000 grains (41.66 g), highest average yield of seeds (5.15 tons ha^-1), and highest biological yield (15.89 tons ha^-1). While the Baghdad variety's interaction with the fertilizer combination produced the highest average yield characteristics for 50% compound fertilizer + 50% biofertilizer + 50% nanofertilizer.