Efficiency of algae Sprulina platensis the and the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves to induce ten cultivars of cucumber plants against the Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)

Abstract

This study is aimed to identify the effect of the locally grown algae Spirulina platensis in the form of an biological in vitro preparation on Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and the effect of Moringa leaf extract M. oleifera by evaluating some resistance parameters, which included measuring the infection ratio, its severity, the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, and the amount of phenols. This study was conducted in the research station of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit. CMV was initially diagnosed using immune strip assay, and the diagnosis was further enhanced by using Next Generation Sequence (NGS)  modern technology to detect the complete genome of the virus strain.

The infection rate was 100% in the control treatment, While lower infection rate for both treatments of algae S. platensis and M. oleifera, was 31% for each of them. As for the effect of the two treatments on the severity of infection, it was the lowest in the Ghazeer cultivar for both treatments of algae S. platensis and M. oleifera, reaching 40% compared with others of the cultivars which differed significantly, The highest infection rate 80% was recorded in the two treatments of S. platensis and M. oleifera for Jade cultivar  compared with control reached 100%.

The results of the peroxidase enzyme measurement showed the highest value for the Ghazeer variety for the two treatments used S. platensis and the M.oleifera which amounted to 3.1 units/mg protein of the root system and for the two treatments used which are the algae S. platensis and the M. oleifera. The rate of total phenols increased to 8.9 mg/g wet weight in treatment S. platensis for the Ghazeer variety while M.oleifera reached 7.9 mg/g wet weight compared  the control treatment witch reached 4.6 mg/g wet weight.

The results of the varieties used in this study showed a significant difference and the variety the Ghazeer showed superiority in tolerating infection, While the Jade variety was the most sensitive variety to infection CMV. The early treatment before the infection occurred were superior in all studied traits to the treatment conducted after the infection.