Callus Production by Nephroleips exltata L. Plant in Vitro

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in the plant tissue culture laboratory at the Department of Plant Production Technologies , Al-Musayyib Technical College , Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University from 9/1/2022 to 6/1/2023 to study the effect of some plant growth regulators: auxin (acetic acid (2,4- Dichlorophenoxy (at concentrations of 0.0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg.L^-1) and cytokinin (Benzyle adenine) at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg.L^-1 and their interactions in the propagation of Nephrolepis exaltata plants ex vivo and their effect on callus induction, callus growth, vegetative shoot generation, and shoot formation. Root weight, fresh weight and dry weight. The well-known nutrient medium (Murashig and Skoog, 1962) was used. This experiment was designed according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replicates, then the means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) under the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that the percentage The contamination rate was 100% in the control treatment, and the contamination rate decreased with increasing sterilization duration. The contamination rate reached 63.25% at 20 minutes on the other hand, the concentration of 4% gave the lowest contamination rate, amounting to 28.25%. As for the callus induction stage, the concentration of 3.0 mg .L^-1 significantly excelled In all treatments, the highest percentage was given at 53.3%, followed by 2.0 mg at that concentration. L (46.7%), while the comparison percentage was at the lowest value of 6.7%. While the growth regulator BA had a significant effect in increasing the percentage of callus induction, as the two concentrations, 2 mg.L^-1 and 1.5 mg.L^-1 excelled on the rest of the concentrations by giving them the highest percentage. The percentage of callus induction reached 53.3 and 40%, respectively, while the control treatment gave the lowest percentage of callus induction, amounting to 13.3%. While in fresh weight, the concentration of 3 mg. liter of 2,4-D gave the highest rate of fresh weight, which reached 0.52 mg. While the control treatment gave the lowest fresh weight of 0.01 mg, while the concentration of 2 mg per liter of BA significantly excelled on the rest of the concentrations by giving it the highest fresh weight of 0.49 mg, and the control treatment gave the lowest fresh weight of callus of 0.04 mg.