A Survey and Molecular Study for Ten Samples of Rice Weeds in Najaf Governorate

Abstract

. Ten samples of rice weeds from the Najaf Governorate were analyzed to determine their genetic polymorphisms. The samples of genetic polymorphisms were isolated from ten different sources of Cyperaceae and Poaceae families. Genes from the 18S, 5.8S ribosomal RNA, intron 1, intron 2, and 26S rRNA were amplified in this study. The amplified genetic locus' PCR amplicons were sequenced directly using the direct sequencing strategy. In order to determine the precise phylogenetic distances alongside relative sample sequences, a comprehensive phylogenetic tree was constructed using the observed variants. The results of this study show that the investigated samples and species of the Cyperaceae and Poaceae families have a variable homology. The sequenced results showed the presence of three variants distributed in the investigated samples. According to the phylogenetic data, In the currently generated comprehensive tree, the examined samples were distributed among nine major phylogenetic clades. These positions were represented by nine organisms with nine different distances, namely Cyperus difformis, Eleocharis geniculata, Cressa cretica, Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona, Diplachne fusca, Sesbania sesban, Paspalum dilatatum, and Paspalum distichum. Most of the clades were distinctly positioned in separated places from each other in the tree. Based on the utilized rRNA amplicons, it was to be clear that all investigated samples were separated into distinctive phylogenetic positions. The different positions were generated due to the several ancestral differences which were found in the pattern and extent of the observed nucleic acid variations in the cyperaceae and poaceae families. In addition, the present tree is provided an inclusive tool for the guaranteed identity of the investigated samples due to the high similarity that notified with a variety of sequences. All DNA samples were identified using the PCR-sequencing strategy, and their phylogenetic distribution patterns were clearly visible.