Effect of planting date and spraying with Nutrients containing amino acids on the growth parameters of dry onion and its seed production

Abstract

 The field experiment was conducted during the season 2021-2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering / University of Diyala in order to study the effect of planting date and spraying with nutrients containing amino acids on the growth and production of dry onions and the production of its seeds .The study included two factors, the first planting date: 1/12, 21/12, 7/1 and 1/2, and the second factor was spraying with nutrients containing amino acids) without spraying, spraying with Tecamin Max, spraying with Ascophila, and spraying with Amino Quelant-K). The experiment included sixteen treatments with three replicates, so the total experimental units became forty-eight experimental units. The split plot design (R.C.B.D) was used, and the results were analyzed statistically using the SAS statistical program, and the results were compared using Duncan's multinomial test at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that the plants planted in the first date (1/12) excelled in the vegetative growth traits represented by the diameter of the bulb neck (31.39 mm) and the leaf area (38.51 dm2), compared to the date 1/2, which amounted to 18.40 mm and 18.02 dm², respectively .The same treatment also excelled in the chemical traits of the leaves, represented by the percentage of nitrogen (2.46%), the percentage of phosphorus (0.30%), and the percentage of potassium (3.39%), compared to the date 1/2, which amounted to 1.62%, 0.19%, and 1.98%, respectively. The same treatment also excelled in the characteristics of the seed yield represented by the weight of 1000 seeds (3.80 g) compared to the date 1/2, which amounted to 2.75 g. As for spraying with amino nutrients, the results showed that there was a significantly excelled when spraying with the amino nutrient Tecamin Max in the vegetative growth traits represented by the diameter of the onion neck (29.04 mm) and the leaf area (36.77 dm2).Compared to the control treatments, which amounted to 21.40 mm and 22.74 dm2, respectively, and also excelled in the chemical traits in the leaves represented by the percentage of nitrogen (2.71%) and the percentage of phosphorus (0.30%) compared to the control treatment, which decreased to 1.33% and 0.19%, respectively.  Whereas, the amino nutrient Amino Quelant-K excelled in the percentage of potassium per ounce (3.38%), compared to 1.62%, compared to 1.62%.  Also, the amino nutrient Tecamin Max was significantly excelled in the traits of seed yield represented by the weight of 1000 seeds (3.67 g) compared to 2.90 g.The effect of the interaction between planting date 1/12 and the amino nutrient Tecamin Max on vegetative growth traits .As the interaction gave a significant increase in the diameter of the onion neck (36.42 mm) and the leaf area (47.38 dm2) compared to date 1/2 with the control treatment, which amounted to 17.10 mm and 15.15 dm2, respectively, as well as the effect of the same interaction on the chemical traits of the leaves, as the interaction gave an increase Significant in the proportion of nitrogen (3.37%) and phosphorus (0.36%).Compared to the 1/2 date with the control treatment, which amounted to 1.27% and 0.17%, respectively, while the interaction between the 1/12 sowing date with the amino nutrient Amino Quelant-K was excelled in the percentage of potassium per ounce (3.69%) compared to the 1/2 date with control treatment, which amounted to 1.54%, The planting date 1/12 and the amino nutrient Tecamin Max were excelled in the seed yield represented by the weight of 1000 seeds amounting to (4.33 g) compared to the date 1/2 with the control treatment, which amounted to 2.50 g.