Effectiveness of nano-mixture Fertilitize on growth and yield of Vicia faba under water stress

• Wedad Salah Hadi Hamza1*, Haider Hilal Abbas2* and Jihad Kadhim Abdali3*

  Author

aim of investigating the effect of water stress levels and the role of foliar application of a nano- located in Al-Azaziya area, Al-Musayyib District, 40 km north of Babylon Governorate, with the mixture of potassium and graphene on the growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) wit       A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2025–2026 in a private field h three replicates. The experiment included two factors: the first, assigned to the main plots, comprised three water stress levels — 40%, 60%, and 80% depletion of field capacity; the second factor, assigned to the subplots, comprised three concentrations of the nano-mixture of potassium and graphene, namely 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 ml·L⁻¹, in addition to a control treatment of distilled water spray only.

The results showed that the 40% water stress level significantly outperformed other levels, recording the highest means for plant height and number of branches, reaching 105.17 cm and 10.85 branches·plant⁻¹, respectively. The 80% water stress level recorded the highest proline content in leaves, reaching 3.089 µmol·g⁻¹ FW. With regard to yield indicators, the 40% stress level produced the highest means for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and total dry grain yield, which reached 26.67 pods·plant⁻¹, 5.32 seeds·pod⁻¹, and 3.438 Mg·ha⁻¹, respectively.

The nano-mixture concentration of 0.10 ml·L⁻¹ significantly surpassed other concentrations, recording the highest means for plant height and number of branches, reaching 103.27.83 cm and 11.06 branches·plant⁻¹, respectively. The same concentration also recorded the highest mean for leaf proline content at 2.648 µmol·g⁻¹ FW, and outperformed in yield traits including number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and total dry seed yield, which reached 24.78 pods·plant⁻¹, 5.071 seeds·pod⁻¹, and 3.142 Mg ·ha⁻¹, respectively.

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