Evaluation of genotype performance of yield traits under the influence of the chemical mutagen EMS for first mutational generation of bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L).

• Sufean Turkey Rajab1 , Dawood Salman Madab2

  Author

This study was conducted at AL- Baiji Research Station, affiliated with the College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, located 40 km from the city center of Tikrit, during the 2023-2024 growing season. Fifteen bread wheat genotypes were used: Mawada, Ozkan, Tammuz 2, Buhouth 22, Sulaimani 2, Sham 6, Jihan, Al-Rashid, Al-Wafiya, Alaa, Babylon, Baghdad, Al-Fayyad, IPA 99, and Adna 99. One hundred seeds from each genotype were treated with the chemical mutagen  (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) EMS at a concentration of 0.5 mmol/100 mol of distilled water. An additional 100 seeds from the same genotype were used for comparison with the mutagenic seeds. The fifteen genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The genetic parameters for six traits were estimated: number of spikes per plant (spikes  plant^-1), number of grains per spike (Grain. spike ^-1), 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield (g), grain yield (g), harvest index. The results were as follows: There were highly significant differences at the 1% probability level between the genotype for all studied traits and the mutation treatments. These differences were significant for the number of spikes per plant and the 1000 grain weight. The interaction between the genotype and the mutation treatments was significant only for the 1000 grain weight. In the first environment (0 mmol), the Buhouth22 genotype was excelled in the number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, and biological yield. The Sham6 genotype was superior in the 1000 grain weight and grain yield. In the second environment (0.5 mmol), which is the effect of the EMS chemical mutagen, the results show that the Buhouth22 × 0.5 mmol mutation treatment was superior in the number of grains per spike and biological yield, as was the Sham6 × 0.5 mmol mutation treatment. 0.5/mmol in the weight of 1000 grains. The values ​​of heritability in the broad sense were high for the number of grains per spike and the biological yield and moderate for the rest of the traits in the first environment 0/mmol. The values ​​of heritability in the broad sense were moderate for the number of grains per spike only and high for the rest of the traits in the second environment 0.5/mmol., the values ​​of expected genetic improvement from selection and as a percentage ranged from low to moderate to high in the two environments.

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