Effect of combinations of mineral and nano-fertilizers on the growth and forage yield of three genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

• Fatimah Ali Jamel

  Author

       A field experiment was conducted in Basrah Governorate at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, during the winter agricultural season of 2025–2026. The objective was to investigate the effect of combinations of mineral and nano-fertilizers, as well as genotypes, on the growth and forage yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A factorial experiment was laid out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The experiment involved two factors: the first factor consisted of three barley genotypes—Syrian, Iranian, and Northern Black, designated as , , and , respectively. The second factor comprised three combinations of nano-fertilizer and mineral nitrogen fertilizer:  ( nano-fertilizer with ),  ( with ), and  ( with ).

The results showed that increasing the fertilizer combinations led to a significant increase in the studied traits. The  combination achieved the highest averages in plant height, number of tillers, forage yield, and harvest index (, , , and , respectively). Meanwhile, the  genotype gave the highest averages in plant height, number of tillers, forage yield, biological yield, and harvest index (, , , , and , respectively). Furthermore, the interaction between the fertilizer combinations and genotypes had a significant effect on plant height, forage yield, and biological yield.

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