Response of chemically active compounds and some anatomical features of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves grown in glass basins to the phosphate agent in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate

• Zainab Allawi Washeeh , 2Raid Kadhim Abed AL-Asady , 3Azhar Abdulameer Sosa *1

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Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms belongs to the family Pontederiaceae. The present study showed the response of chemical and anatomical characteristics to treatment with different concentrations of phosphate factor (0.19, 0.12, 0.05, 0.015) mg.L^-1.  The plant was grown in 30 x 30 x 50 cm glass basins in March 2024, using Hoagland's solution as a source of macro and micronutrients.  Secondary compounds were analyzed using GCMS technology, and 27 compounds were recorded across all treatments.  The difference in concentrations led to the appearance of some compounds and the absence of others, such as the appearance of the fatty compound 1-Eicosanol when the concentration decreased to (0.05) mg.L^-1 and its absence from all treatments including the control treatment. In addition to the participation and variation in concentrations of a single compound. The increase in phosphate concentrations led to an increase in most anatomical characteristics. Conversely, when it decreased to (0.05, 0.015) mg.L^-1, it caused a decrease in the thickness of the cuticle and epidermis layer, the density of the stomata and their distribution on the upper and lower surfaces, in addition to the appearance and disappearance of various hairs and crystals. The sharp decrease (0.015) mg.L^-1 also led to the rupture of mesophyll cells and a decrease in their thickness.                                                                                                                                                                                                 

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