Effect of growth regulators on growth and callus induction for Two Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cultivars in vitro.

• Zahra Yasser Hadi Hiba Ahmed Jawad

  Author

This study was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, from 1 April 2025 to 15 January 2026 to evaluate the effects of BA and 2,4-D on shoot multiplication and callus induction in two carnation cultivars, the red cultivar ‘Aveiro’ and the pink cultivar ‘Celebration’. BA was applied at 0, 1, 2, and 3 mg L⁻¹ for shoot multiplication, while 2,4-D at 0, 1, and 2 mg L⁻¹ was combined with BA at 0, 0.5, and 1 mg L⁻¹ for callus induction. The results showed that ‘Celebration’ was superior in shoot and leaf numbers, whereas ‘Aveiro’ produced longer shoots. A BA concentration of 2 mg L⁻¹ produced the highest number of shoots (8.444 shoots plant⁻¹), while 1 mg L⁻¹ resulted in the longest shoots and the highest number of leaves (7.764 cm and 47.027 leaves plant⁻¹, respectively). For callus induction, the combination of 2 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D with either 1 or 0.5 mg L⁻¹ BA achieved the highest callus induction percentage (100%).

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