Smart Digital Transformation: An Integrated Model for Measuring the Return on Investment of E-Management Applications in Enhancing the Competitiveness of Medium Sized Agricultural Projects in Iraq (2010-2024)

• Muna Bulqader Ahmed

  Author

This study aimed to develop an integrated model for measuring the return on investment (ROI) of e-management applications in enhancing the competitiveness of medium-sized agricultural projects in Iraq (2010–2024). The study findings reveal significant annual growth in investment (23.4%) and technology adoption (16.8%), values that co-occurred with an  average  observed ROI of 185.3% and an NPV of 412.8 million USD. This association do not establish causality. Strong correlations (r = 0.934–0.994) between investment, technology adoption, and productivity are observed; however, these may reflect common time trends and do not confirm that e-management causes enhanced competitiveness. The study recommends increasing investments in e-management technologies, strengthening digital infrastructure, improving digital skills, promoting e-commerce, implementing supportive policies, and mitigating external risks to sustain the competitiveness of agricultural projects.

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