Acomparison between Effect Humic Acids Extracted with Sodium and Potassium Hydroxide from Different Animal Organic Manure on Soil Properties and the Growth and Yield of Beetroot

• Huda Jassim Ahmed Kahtan Jamal Abdul Rasool ….

  Author

Field experiment was conducted during the 2024-2025 winter season in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya. The aim was to comparing effect of humic acids extracted with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide from different animal organic fertilizers on soil properties in presence of sugar beet.  The experiment included three factors: humic acid extracted with sodium hydroxide (B1), humic acid extracted with potassium hydroxide (B2), and three animal organic fertilizers used in extraction of humic acids: sheep manure (OM1), cow manure (OM2), and pigeon manure (OM3). Two concentrations of humic acids, 5% (C1) and 10% (C2), were added to the irrigation water in five applications ten days after plant emergence. Fourteen treatments were conducted, along with two control treatments (no humic fertilizer or mineral fertilizer) and one treatment with 100% of the recommended mineral fertilizer. The treatments were repeated three times, resulting in a total of 42 experimental units. The results showed that pigeon manure (OM3) significantly increased soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The experimental treatments had no significant effect on soil pH.  Sheep manure (OM1) had a significant effect on electrical conductivity, while cow manure (OM2) had a significant effect on bulk density. The second concentration (10%) of extracted humic acids showed a significant effect on soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and bulk density compared to the first concentration (5%). Regarding the triple interaction B2OM3C2 yielded the highest concentration in soil organic matter, while the B2OM2C2 interaction yielded the highest concentration in soil pH. For electrical conductivity (EC), the B2OM1C2 interaction yielded the highest concentration, and for cation exchange capacity, the B1OM3C2 interaction yielded the highest value. Finally, for bulk density, the B1OM1C1, B1OM2C1, and B2OM2C1 interactions yielded the highest concentrations

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